6  Persistent Homology

“Given a growing simplicial complex, persistent homology encodes the evolution of its holes” – [Unknown]

We are now ready to fiscuss persistent homology. For more on these topics, you can refer to any of the following textbooks on applied topology/persistent homology, which will meet our immediate needs for this course.

  1. Introduction to Persistent Homology, Ziga Virk
  2. Computational Topology for Data Analysis, Tamal Dey and Yusu Wang

Those who want to learn more about homology can refer to the following book:

  1. Algebraic Topology, Allen Hatcher
Filtration of a simplicial complex and its homology

A filtration of simplicial complex K is a nested sequence of sub-complexes K_1 \subset K_2 \subset \cdots \subset K_N=K

and (for 1 \le n \le m \le N) inclusions i_{n,m}:K_n \hookrightarrow K_m. These inclusions induce maps (i_{n,m})^d_* on the homology groups in each dimension d.

H_d(K_1) \xrightarrow{(i_{1,2})^d_*} H_d(K_2) \xrightarrow{} \cdots \xrightarrow{} H_d(K_N)=H_d(K)

Exercise 6.1  

  1. Explain how the Rips, \check{C}ech and Alpha complexes define filtrations.
  2. Describe the sublevel set filtration given by …
Persistent Homology

Let K be a simplicial complex and d \in \{0,1, \cdots\}. Given a filtration K_1 \xhookrightarrow{} K_2 \xhookrightarrow{} \cdots \xhookrightarrow{} K_N=K

the d-dimensional persistent homology groups with \mathbb{Z}_2-coefficients are the images of (i_{n,m})^d_*: H_d(K_n) \to H_d(K_m)

The corresponding ranks are the persistent Betti numbers

\beta^d_{n,m} =\textbf{rank} (i_{n,m})^d_*

More specifically:

H^d_{n,m}= \textbf{Im} (i_{n,m})^d_* = \frac{Z_d(K_n)}{B_d(K_m) \cap Z_d(K_n)}